E-Auction 19 Lot 168

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E-Auction 19 Lot 168

SCOTLAND. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1745. Copper medal. 28.46 gm. 41 mm. By one of the Roettiers. Head of Prince Charles right; CAROLUS WALLIAE PRINCEPS around / Britannia standing facing, head left, a sailing ship in the background; AMOR ET SPES ("Love and hope") around; BRITANNIA below. Woolf 59:2. Extremely Fine; glossy rich brown patina.

Though dated 1745, this medal was probably made in 1748.

Culloden and the “Bonnie Prince”

It is August 1745 and Jacobite hopes rise again with “Bonnie Prince Charlie,” grandson of James II, launching yet another uprising to restore the British throne to the Stewarts.

The effort ended with defeat at the Battle of Culloden, April 1746. Medals marked the events and the people involved and the following small collection reflects some of the key events during this period. Most of the medals show some wear. They were part of people’s lives and were often personal mementoes of the events.

The first medal in the group shows his father James III and a map of Scotland. Scotland’s ambitions were a small part of the negotiations that were part of the War of Spanish Succession, but James was trying to promote his cause. The next medal shows the young prince and his brother.

It was Charles who rallied Scottish forces in 1745 and by the 16th of August the Jacobites were at the gates of Edinburgh. By mid-November Carlisle had submitted to Charles who was proclaimed “King James VIII and III.” Charles, overoptimistic, soon sent part of the Jacobite army further into England even though the English troops outnumbered them three to one. The army got within 200 kilometers of London but in December 1745 they were stopped at Derby.

Retreating north on the 6th of December with the Duke of Cumberland in pursuit, Charles and his depleted army reached Carlisle on the 19th and left the next day heading back to Scotland. This was the end of Scottish control of English land. Three medals offered here note Cumberland’s Carlisle “no battle” success.

In January 1746 the Jacobites were successful in the battle of Falkirk Muir but the success was temporary. It all came to an end on April 16th, 1746 at Culloden on what was known as Drumossie Moor. An exhausted and outnumbered Jacobite army was destroyed and the Hanoverian follow-up was a time of killing and atrocities.

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 provided a truce between England and France, important to Jacobite history because Charles had repeatedly sought French help with his quest. Woolf (The Medallic Record of the Jacobite Movement) notes that Charles had become an embarrassment to the French and the Treaty required among other things that “he should be expelled from French territory.” The medal dated 1745 was probably made, in an act of “bravado,” around the time of the completion of the treaty. The last medal in the group celebrates peace.

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